Ammonium Hydroxide
AKA “1336-21-6, Ammonia water, Ammonia aqueous, Aquammonia, Ammonia, aqua, Household ammonia, monohydrate, Ammonia water 29%, Ammonium hydroxide ((NH4)(OH))
Ingredient
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Ingredient Facts
Ammonium hydroxide
AKA: 1336-21-6, Ammonia water, Ammonia aqueous, Aquammonia, Ammonia, Aqua, Household ammonia, Monohydrate, Ammonia water 29%, Ammonium hydroxide ((NH4)(OH))
Ingredient · Buffering · EWG: 6
Synthetic
Not Clean
The CIR Expert Panel concluded that Ammonia and Ammonium Hydroxide are safe as used in hair dyes and colors and safe in cosmetics applied directly to the skin in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating.
Solubility Exists only in solution
Formula
H5NO
Mol. Weight
35.05
CAS #
1336-21-6
Form
Powder
State
Ammonium hydroxide appears as a colorless aqueous solution. Concentration of ammonia ranges up to approximately 30%. Ammonia vapors (which arise from the solution) irritate the eyes.
See origin →
Functions
Buffering
Denaturant
Stabilizes pH
Makes Alcohol Undrinkable
Antioxidant Protection
Reduces Inflammation
Locks In Moisture
Traditional Use
Known since ancient times as aqueous ammonia solution; historically used in textile and leather processing. In modern cosmetics, developed as a pH buffer and alkalizing agent, though not traditionally applied to skincare.
Skin Types
all-skin-types
Best For
General
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding Safe
Caution
EWG
6
CIR
Safe as used
Pregnancy
Caution
CIR Safety Findings
ewg-6
medical-approval
all-shades-safe
Mild Irritant
Concentration Guide
6%
0%8%
Reg. Limit
EU regulatory limit: 6%. NH3). Above 2%: Contains ammonia Source: EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) 1223/2009, Annex III (Restricted Substances), Entry 4.
Regulatory Status
USApermitted
EUpermitted
JAPANpermitted
CANADApermitted
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Final Report: Safety Assessment of Ammonia and Ammonium Hydroxide as Used in Cosmetics
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel
International Journal of Toxicology
Ammonia
European Commission
EU Cosmetic Ingredient Database (CosIng)
Ammonium Hydroxide
European Commission
EU Cosmetic Ingredient Database (CosIng)
aqua
European Commission
EU Cosmetic Ingredient Database (CosIng)
Safety and efficacy of l-histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate produced using Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80179 for all animal species.
EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Bampidis V, Azimonti G, de Lourdes Bastos M, Christensen H et al.
EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2019
Ammonium Hydroxide
Environmental Working Group (EWG)
EWG Skin Deep Cosmetics Database
Effect of Chimpi, dried citrus peel, on aquaporin-3 expression in HaCaT human epidermal keratinocytes.
Ikarashi N, Kaneko M, Wakana D, Shinozaki Y, Tabata K et al.
Molecular biology reports, 2022
Natural soap is clinically effective and less toxic and more biodegradable in aquatic organisms and human skin cells than synthetic detergents.
Kanyama T, Masunaga A, Kawahara T, Morita H, Akita S
PloS one, 2025
Natural soap is clinically effective and less toxic and more biodegradable in aquatic organisms and human skin cells than synthetic detergents.
Kanyama T, Masunaga A, Kawahara T, Morita H, Akita S
PloS one, 2025
Verified Jun 2026
Data: PubChem · CosIng · EWG · CIR